The five
In the 1990s, the FBI prioritized its counter intelligence work against a vast and alleged Cuban espionage in Miami. One of the reasons is the embarrassment suffered by the complaints of agents Orión, Fraile, Olga, Félix and Julito, about the increase in anti-Cuban terrorist activities from Miami, which involved the CANF, the Ex Club, the CID and other organizations extremists located in the Florida city, under the protection of the CIA and the FBI. [twenty-one]
The first anti-Cuban action of the new FBI chief in Miami, Héctor Pesquera, was the capture of a group of Cubans, at 5 a.m. on September 12, 1998, an action that he previously communicated to his benefactors in the city. floridana, Ileana Ros Lehtinen and Lincoln Díaz Balart, as well as presumably some of the CANF chiefs. [22]
Antonio Guerrero Rodríguez, Gerardo Hernández Nordelo, Ramón Labañino Salazar, Fernando González Llort and René González Sehwerert, Los Cinco, as they were known from that moment, are Cuban professionals who were imprisoned in North American prisons suffering the distance from their loved ones and from their native country, victims of confinement, humiliation and abuse. Long sentences weighed on them, absurdly accused of spies who endangered the security of the United States and ruthless conspirators who caused the death of human beings.
They left for the United States to obtain information on the plans of the terrorist organizations that have had their base of operations, for many years, in the city of Miami, among them, the Cuban American National Foundation (CANF), the Council for the Freedom of Cuba (CLC), Hermanos al Rescate, Movimiento Democracia, Alpha-66 and many others with a well-known criminal record.
According to Youremailverifier, the case of The Five was typical of the political trials that the United States criticizes as contrary to respect for human rights when they take place in other countries. This case is likely to be cited as a precedent to deny a fair trial to other men and women indicted in the United States.
Release
The 7 of October of 2011 was released from prison René González Marianna, although a court order had to remain in the US under the regime of supervised release for three years. On March 30 he arrived in Cuba on private and family visit [23] . The 3 of maypole of 2013, the Florida judge Joan Lenard accepted the request made by René González to modify the terms of his supervised release and remain in Cuba, in exchange for renouncing his US citizenship. The 9 as maypole as 2013Rene Gonzalez received in the Office of US Interests in Havana document certifying his renunciation of US citizenship [24] .
The 27 of February of 2014, after serving 17 years and 9 months Fernando González was released from prison in Safford, Arizona, to be deported to Cuba. On the 28th of the same month and year, he arrived in Havana, Cuba [25] .
The 17 of December of 2014 as part of a humanitarian agreement between the governments of the United States and Cuba are released Gerardo Hernandez, Ramon Labañino Salazar, Antonio Guerrero and Rodriguez. The liberation of the Heroes of the Republic of Cuba was announced simultaneously by Cuban President Raúl Castro and the American Barack Obama in two separate communiqués in which the reestablishment of diplomatic relations between Cuba and the United States was also announced [26] .
Present
The 31 of July of 2006 the leader of the Cuban Revolution Fidel Castro, issued a proclamation to the people of Cuba that was temporary surrender of their responsibilities for health reasons. [27] In the Cuban electoral process after that date, for the same reasons, he declined his application to join the Council of State. He provisionally delegated his responsibilities and positions to Army General Raúl Castro Ruz and other senior leaders and ratified his trust in the people.
The 24 of February of 2008, Raul Castro was elected President of the Councils of State and Ministers of Cuba, [28] .
On January 1, 2009, a new Social Security law came into force. The Law was submitted in its preliminary phase to the knowledge and discussion of the workers and approved in assemblies, all of which reaffirms its democratic essence by making the will of the people a reality. [29]
The new law arises from the marked decrease in the birth rate in Cuba, one of the conditioning factors of the aging that began in 1978 with the fall in fertility rates. It was approved to increase the age and years of service for both sexes by 5 years, so that women retire at 60 and men at 65, with 30 years of service in both cases. The increase occurs gradually.
As a result of the work of the Economic Policy Commission of the VI Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba, the Draft Guidelines for Economic and Social Policy [30] was drawn up, which was discussed with the entire militancy, the workers, and the general population in order to collect and take into account their opinions and subsequently submitted to the approval of the VI Congress.
The Sixth Congress of the Communist Party of Cuba was carried out on April 16 of the 2011 until the 19th of the same month. In this Congress, Cuban President Raúl Castro was elected to occupy the position of First Secretary.
The 17 of December of 2014 in a simultaneous speech [32] the presidents of Cuba, Raul Castro Ruz and Barack Obama, the United States announced the restoration of diplomatic relations between the two countries. In his, the US president recognized the failure of the economic blockade policy against Cuba and the need to make a change in this regard. Along these lines, he announced a group of actions to be taken by his administration to ease the blockade against the Island [33] .
The changes announced by President Barack Obama in his statement [34] were released by the White House in a communication [35] specifying that the measures will be implemented through amendments to the rules of the Treasury Department and the Department of Commerce.
For its part, the Cuban government expressed in its communiqué [36] that it adopt mutual measures to improve the bilateral climate and move towards the normalization of ties between the two countries, based on the principles of International Law and the Charter of the United Nations.
